Petrolero Neo-Pánamax con 200000 TPM

[Resumen]: El siguiente proyecto consistirá en el diseño de un petrolero de crudos con 30 tripulantes que sea capaz de pasar por el nuevo canal de Panamá y tenga una capacidad de carga máxima de 200000 toneladas de peso muerto. Esto significa que pese a disponer de un tonelaje más parecido al de un buque Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) el barco debe seguir unas normativas para buques Neo-Pánamax, generalmente más pequeños. El buque contará con un sistema de propulsión principal diésel eléctrica en dos líneas de ejes, y cuya velocidad de servicio será de 16 nudos. El sistema de carga y descarga será por cámara de bombas, y el resto de equipos e instalaciones serán los habituales para estos buques.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.EPS). Enxeñaría naval e oceánica. Curso 2017/201

Simulación de un sistema de generación de energía undimotriz de dispositivos de columna de agua oscilante (OWC)

[Resumen] Se conoce como energía undimotriz a aquella cuya generación proviene del movimiento de las olas. Uno de los métodos empleados para extraer esta energía se conoce como Columna de Agua Oscilante (OWC: Oscillating Water Column) y se basa en el empleo del movimiento de la ola para comprimir el aire del interior de una cámara. Ese aire comprimido se emplea para mover una turbina, que se encarga de producir la electricidad. En este proyecto se procederá a simular un dispositivo flotante que trabaja con este principio, mostrándose las ecuaciones empleadas para alcanzar una adecuada simulación y analizando los datos resultantes. El principal software empleado será el Matlab R2020a, con el que se realizarán los cálculos matemáticos para la realizar el modelo y las simulaciones con el mismo, y con el que se obtendrán varias gráficas explicativas.[Resumo] Wave energy is a form of obtaining energy from the movements of the ocean surface One of the methods used to extract this energy is known as the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) and uses the wave movement to compress the air inside a chamber. That compressed air is used to move a turbine, which is responsible for the production of electricity. In this project we will proceed to simulate a floating device that works using this principle, showing the equations used to achieve an adequate simulation and analyzing the resulting data. The main software used will be the Matlab R2020a, with which the mathematical calculations will be carried out to carry out the model and the simulations with it, and with which various explanatory graphs will be obtained.[Abstract] A enerxía das ondas é a enerxía cuxa xeración provén do movemento da superficie do mar Un dos métodos empregados para extraer esta enerxía coñécese como Columna da Auga Oscilante (OWC) e emprega o movemento de ondas para comprimir o aire dentro dunha cámara. Ese aire comprimido úsase para mover unha turbina, que é a responsable da produción da electricidade. Neste proxecto procederemos a simular un dispositivo flotante que funcione con este principio, mostrando as ecuacións empregadas para conseguir unha simulación adecuada e analizando os datos resultantes. O principal software empregado será o Matlab R2020a, co que se realizarán os cálculos matemáticos para realizar o modelo e as simulacións e co que se obterán diversos gráficos explicativos.Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.EPS). Enxeñaría naval e oceánica. Curso 2019/202

Review of Ship Energy Efficiency

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] Energy efficiency has become increasingly relevant in the current economic and environmental situations. This paper aims to create a map of the state of the art of the energy efficiency on the marine sector, both in the scale of the individual ships and the entire industry. The first point of interest will be an examination of the regulatory framework of the shipping sector in regards of energy efficiency. Next there are the procedures implemented on ships with the aim of diminishing their consumption and emissions. These measures range from modifications of the design to the operational practices. Following that will be the potential advances that the industry could implement on a bigger scale to enhance the efficiency of the whole sector. Finally, an overview of the main obstacles for the implementation of these measures will be examined. While the current standards are a temporary solution and several of the most prominent improvements require further investigation, the continuous effort increases the potential of this sector for optimization. These factors emphasize the utility of this review as an introduction to help other studies have a solid understanding of the state of the art of energy efficiency in the naval industry.Xunta de Galicia; ED481A 2021/312Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/3

Digital twin modeling of refrigerated warehouses

[Abstract]: Energy optimization in cold food storage processes is a complex issue, as many variables have to be taken into consideration, according to the nature of the food to be stored. In addition, energy optimization requires exhaustive supervision, especially of the cooling temperatures of the different types of food, as refrigeration is essential for maintaining optimum storage, minimizing product losses. The goal of this study is to present the use of digitization of a process to carry out energy control in real time so that, with a reasonable investment, the quality of the product is maintained and the economic profitability of the facilities is improved. To this aim, we use Industry 4.0 techniques, together with programmable mathematical algorithms in cloud platforms, to build a Digital Twin of a refrigerated food warehouse that will allow automatic supervision of food storage conditions and consumption, as well as to optimize cold generation and the profitability of the process throughout the facility.Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial; IDI-20190187Agencia Estatal de Investigación; PID2019-105138GB-C21Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2019/10Xunta de Galicia; ED431F 2020/0

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present